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  2. Gemstone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

    A collection of gemstone pebbles made by tumbling the rough stones, except the ruby and tourmaline, with abrasive grit inside a rotating barrel. The largest pebble here is 40 mm (1.6 in) long. The traditional classification in the West, which goes back to the ancient Greeks, begins with a distinction between precious and semi-precious; similar ...

  3. Emerald - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald

    Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be 3 Al 2 (SiO 3) 6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium. [2] Beryl has a hardness of 7.5–8 on the Mohs scale. [2] Most emeralds have many inclusions, [3] so their toughness (resistance to breakage) is classified as generally poor.

  4. List of gemstones by species - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gemstones_by_species

    Eilat stone; Epidosite; Glimmerite; Goldstone (glittering glass) Hawk's eye; Helenite (artificial glass made from volcanic ash) Iddingsite; Kimberlite; Lamproite; Lapis lazuli; Libyan desert glass; Llanite; Maw sit sit; Moldavite; Obsidian; Apache tears; Pallasite; Peridotite (also known as olivinite) Siilinjärvi carbonatite; Soapstone (also ...

  5. List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_U.S._state...

    A 2010 effort led by State Senator Gloria J. Romero, a Democrat from Los Angeles, sought to remove serpentine from its perch as the state's official stone. Organizations such as the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization have supported the move as the olive green rock is a source of chrysotile , a form of asbestos that can cause mesothelioma ...

  6. Peridot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridot

    Peridot (/ ˈpɛrɪˌdɒt, - ˌdoʊ / PERR-ih-dot, -⁠⁠doh), sometimes called chrysolite, is a yellow-green transparent variety of olivine. Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occur in only one color. Peridot can be found in mafic and ultramafic rocks occurring in lava and peridotite xenoliths of the mantle.

  7. Jet (gemstone) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_(gemstone)

    Jet is a type of lignite, [ 1 ] the lowest rank of coal, and is a gemstone. Unlike many gemstones, jet is not a mineral, but is rather a mineraloid. [ 2 ] It is derived from wood that has changed under extreme pressure. The English noun jet derives from the French word for the same material, jaiet (modern French jais), ultimately referring to ...

  8. Ruby - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby

    Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. [3]

  9. Sapphire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

    Sapphire is one of the two gem-varieties of corundum, the other being ruby (defined as corundum in a shade of red). Although blue is the best-known sapphire color, it occurs in other colors, including gray and black, and also can be colorless. A pinkish orange variety of sapphire is called padparadscha.

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