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The signs and symptoms of these may present during a dive, on surfacing, or up to several hours after a dive. The principal conditions are decompression illness (which covers decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism), nitrogen narcosis, high pressure nervous syndrome, oxygen toxicity, and pulmonary barotrauma (burst lung).
Approximately 90 percent of patients with DCS develop symptoms within three hours of surfacing; only a small percentage become symptomatic more than 24 hours after diving. [3] Below is a summary comparison of the signs and symptoms of DCI arising from its two components: Decompression Sickness and Arterial Gas Embolism. Many signs and symptoms ...
Diving medicine, also called undersea and hyperbaric medicine (UHB), is the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of conditions caused by humans entering the undersea environment. It includes the effects on the body of pressure on gases, the diagnosis and treatment of conditions caused by marine hazards and how relationships of a diver's fitness ...
Higher costs are associated with scuba dive therapy, so the therapy is limited to patients who are able to finance it. Several organizations and charities have started fundraising to make the therapy more accessible to lower-income patients. [2] Scuba diving requires specialized equipment to ensure safety and comfort of the divers underwater ...
In the United States, it is common for medical insurance not to cover treatment for the bends that is the result of recreational diving. This is because scuba diving is considered an elective and "high-risk" activity and treatment for decompression sickness is expensive.
Freediving blackout, breath-hold blackout, [1] or apnea blackout is a class of hypoxic blackout, a loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia towards the end of a breath-hold (freedive or dynamic apnea) dive, when the swimmer does not necessarily experience an urgent need to breathe and has no other obvious medical condition that might have caused it.
It has been reported in scuba divers, [4] [5] apnea (breath hold) free-diving competitors, [6] combat swimmers, and triathletes. [2] [7] The causes are incompletely understood as of 2010. [2] [8] [9] Some authors believe that SIPE may be the leading cause of death among recreational scuba divers, but there is insufficient evidence at present. [3]
Compression arthralgia has been recorded as deep aching pain in the knees, shoulders, fingers, back, hips, neck and ribs. Pain may be sudden and intense in onset and may be accompanied by a feeling of roughness in the joints. [ 2][ 1] Onset commonly occurs around 60 msw (meters of sea water), and symptoms are variable depending on depth ...