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Nicotine dependence[notes 2] is a state of substance dependence on nicotine. [3] It is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by a compulsive craving to use the drug despite social consequences, loss of control over drug intake, and the emergence of withdrawal symptoms. [7] Tolerance is another component of drug dependence. [8]
Nicotine use for tobacco cessation has few contraindications. [71] It is not known whether nicotine replacement therapy is effective for smoking cessation in adolescents, as of 2014. [72] It is therefore not recommended to adolescents. [73] It is not safe to use nicotine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, although it is safer than smoking.
Evidence revealed that common medicines varenicline, cytisine, and nicotine e-cigarettes were the most effective treatments. Varenicline is a prescription oral tablet designed to help with smoking ...
Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine. Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability, anxiety, depression, impatience, trouble sleeping, restlessness, hunger, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. [1][2][3] Withdrawal symptoms make ...
"Nicotine use can increase the risk of both cancer and cardiovascular disease," he says. "Even low levels of nicotine can alter blood pressure and heart rate, which in the long run have adverse ...
Meanwhile, about 1.8% of middle and high school students reported using nicotine pouches, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Youth Tobacco Survey. That number ...
Tobacco harm reduction (THR) is a public health strategy to lower the health risks to individuals and wider society associated with using tobacco products. It is an example of the concept of harm reduction, a strategy for dealing with the use of drugs. Tobacco smoking is widely acknowledged as a leading cause of illness and death, [1] and ...
A 2013 study in smokers who were not trying to quit, found that vaping, with or without nicotine decreased the number of cigarettes consumed. [151] E-cigarettes without nicotine may reduce tobacco cravings because of the smoking-related physical stimuli. [121]