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Germanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon. It is a metalloid (more rarely considered a metal) in the carbon group that is chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Like silicon, germanium naturally reacts and forms ...
The dioxide, GeO 2 can be obtained by roasting germanium disulfide (GeS 2) or by allowing elemental germanium to slowly oxidze in air, [5] and is a white powder that is only slightly soluble in water but reacts with alkalis to form germanates. [4] The monoxide, germanous oxide, can be obtained by the high temperature reaction of GeO 2 with Ge ...
The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E °), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: Absolute partial pressure 101.325 kPa (1.00000 atm; 1.01325 bar) for each gaseous reagent — the convention in most literature data but not the current standard state (100 kPa). Variations from these ideal conditions ...
Reactivity series. In chemistry, a reactivity series (or reactivity series of elements) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression [1] of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest. [2][3][4] It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water, single ...
Germanium tetrachloride is a colourless, fuming liquid [4] with a peculiar, acidic odour. It is used as an intermediate in the production of purified germanium metal. In recent years, GeCl 4 usage has increased substantially due to its use as a reagent for fiber optic production.
Germanium dichloride is also formed from the decomposition of trichlorogermane, GeHCl 3, at 70 °C. Trichlorogermane is generated when germanium reacts with hydrogen chloride. [1] This reaction involves dehydrohalogenation. GeHCl 3 → GeCl 2 + HCl. Another route to germanium dichloride is the reduction of germanium tetrachloride with hydrogen ...
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion. The latter can be regarded as the ionization energy ...
Organogermanium chemistry. Organogermanium chemistry is the science of chemical species containing one or more C – Ge bonds. Germanium shares group 14 in the periodic table with carbon, silicon, tin and lead. Historically, organogermanes are considered as nucleophiles and the reactivity of them is between that of organosilicon and organotin ...