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2. Control arm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_arm

   Control arm. In automotive suspension, a control arm, also known as an A-arm, is a hinged suspension link between the chassis and the suspension upright or hub that carries the wheel. In simple terms, it governs a wheel's vertical travel, allowing it to move up or down when driving over bumps, into potholes, or otherwise reacting to the ...

3. Steering knuckle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_knuckle

   Steering knuckle. In automotive suspension, a steering knuckle or upright is that part which contains the wheel hub or spindle, and attaches to the suspension and steering components. [1] The terms spindle and hub are sometimes used interchangeably with steering knuckle, but refer to different parts. The wheel and tire assembly attach to the ...

4. MacPherson strut - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacPherson_strut

   Lower green: Vehicle frame or unibody member. The MacPherson strut is a type of automotive suspension system that uses the top of a telescopic damper as the upper steering pivot. It is widely used in the front suspension of modern vehicles. The name comes from American automotive engineer Earle S. MacPherson, who invented and developed the design.

5. Ball joint - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_joint

   A typical ball joint with cutaway view (right) An inner tie rod end cut open to expose the ball joint. In an automobile, ball joints are spherical bearings that connect the control arms to the steering knuckles, and are used on virtually every automobile made. [ 1 ] They bionically resemble the ball-and-socket joints found in most tetrapod animals.

6. Ackermann steering geometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ackermann_steering_geometry

   Ackermann geometry. The Ackermann steering geometry is a geometric arrangement of linkages in the steering of a car or other vehicle designed to solve the problem of wheels on the inside and outside of a turn needing to trace out circles of different radii. It was invented by the German carriage builder Georg Lankensperger in Munich in 1816 ...

7. Swing axle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing_axle

   Swing axle. A swing axle is a simple type of independent suspension, almost always for the rear axles, designed and patented by Edmund Rumpler in 1903. This was a revolutionary invention in automotive suspension, allowing driven (powered) wheels to follow uneven road surfaces independently, thus enabling the vehicle's wheels to maintain better ...