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Total costs = fixed costs + (unit variable cost × number of units) Total revenue = sales price × number of unit. These are linear because of the assumptions of constant costs and prices, and there is no distinction between units produced and units sold, as these are assumed to be equal.
Contribution margin (CM), or dollar contribution per unit, is the selling price per unit minus the variable cost per unit. "Contribution" represents the portion of sales revenue that is not consumed by variable costs and so contributes to the coverage of fixed costs. This concept is one of the key building blocks of break-even analysis.
Profit margin is calculated with selling price (or revenue) taken as base times 100. It is the percentage of selling price that is turned into profit, whereas "profit percentage" or "markup" is the percentage of cost price that one gets as profit on top of cost price.
Marginal revenue is the concept of a firm sacrificing the opportunity to sell the current output at a certain price, in order to sell a higher quantity at a reduced price. [8] Profit maximization occurs at the point where marginal revenue (MR) equals marginal cost (MC). If then a profit-maximizing firm will increase output to generate more ...
As price decreases in the elastic range, the revenue increases, but in the inelastic range, revenue falls. Revenue is highest at the quantity where the elasticity equals 1. A firm considering a price change must know what effect the change in price will have on total revenue. Revenue is simply the product of unit price times quantity:
In retail, unit price is the price for a single unit of measure of a product sold in more or less than the single unit. [2] The "unit price" tells you the cost per pound, quart, or other unit of weight or volume of a food package. It is usually posted on the shelf below the food. The shelf tag shows the total price (item price) and price per ...
Markup (business) Markup (or price spread) is the difference between the selling price of a good or service and its cost. It is often expressed as a percentage over the cost. A markup is added into the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to cover the costs of doing business and create a profit. The total cost ...
Here too the profit is not maximized and the firm has to lower its output level to maximize profits. In economics, profit maximization is the short run or long run process by which a firm may determine the price, input and output levels that will lead to the highest possible total profit (or just profit in short).