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James with his father, Charles I, by Sir Peter Lely, 1647. In August 1642, long running political disputes between Charles I and his opponents in Parliament led to the First English Civil War. James and his brother Charles were present at the Battle of Edgehill in October, and narrowly escaped capture by Parliamentarian cavalry. [12]
In 1664, Charles II of England and his brother James, Duke of York raised a fleet to take the Dutch colony of New Netherland, then under the Directorship of Peter Stuyvesant. Stuyvesant surrendered to the English fleet without recognition from the Dutch West India Company. The province was renamed for the Duke of York, as its proprietor. [1]
It depicts the future James II, then Duke of York and heir to his brother Charles II. [ 2 ] He is shown dressed as Lord High Admiral , a position he had been forced to resign from during the Exclusion Crisis of 1673 but had lately been effectively restored to by his brother during the Tory Reaction of the early 1680s.
Portrait of James, Duke of York is a 1673 portrait painting by the French artist Henri Gascar depicting the future James II of England, then Duke of York. [1] [2] [3] James is portrayed in Baroque style in Roman clothing in the style of Mars, the god of war. He stands in a pavilion with his flagship the Royal Prince in the background.
Portrait of James when Duke of York in 1684, by Godfrey Kneller. Mary of Modena in c. 1687 after her coronation as queen consort, a portrait by Godfrey Kneller.. James's predecessor and elder brother, King Charles II, had come to the throne in the 1660 Stuart Restoration, which followed the English Civil Wars, the execution of Charles I and the five year republic known as The Protectorate.
A year later, James had signed the Charter in England, but the death of Charles II and James's ascension to the throne caused the Charter never to be delivered to New York. [citation needed] Instead, James was convinced – from his new perspective as sovereign – that the Charter gave colonists in New York rights and privileges that were too ...
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1686 English guinea showing the Royal African Company's symbol, an elephant and castle, under the bust of James II. Originally known as the Company of Royal Adventurers Trading into Africa, by its charter issued on 18 December 1660 it was granted a monopoly over English trade along the west coast of Africa, with the principal objective being the search for gold.