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2. Deuterium arc lamp - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium_arc_lamp

   A deuterium lamp uses a tungsten filament and anode placed on opposite sides of a nickel box structure designed to produce the best output spectrum. Unlike an incandescent bulb, the filament is not the source of light in deuterium lamps. Instead an arc is created from the filament to the anode, a similar process to arc lamps. Because the ...

3. List of vacuum tubes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vacuum_tubes

   All have glass bodies that measure from 0.285 to 0.400 inches (7.2 to 10.2 millimetres) wide, and from 1.25 to 2.00 inches (32 to 51 millimetres) in overall length. 1C8 – Pentagrid converter , R8 1D3 – Low-mu high-frequency triode, R8

4. Spectronic 20 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectronic_20

   The Spectronic 200 utilizes an array detector and digital control of the measured wavelength, while retaining the characteristic λ knob of the Spec 20 for setting the wavelength. In addition to replicating the user modes of the Spec 20D+ (which it can emulate on a color LCD screen) the Spec 200 accommodates both test-tubes and square cuvettes ...

5. Seven-segment display - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-segment_display

   In 1910, a seven-segment display illuminated by incandescent bulbs was used on a power-plant boiler room signal panel. [2] They were also used to show the dialed telephone number to operators during the transition from manual to automatic telephone dialing. [3] They did not achieve widespread use until the advent of LEDs in the 1970s.

6. Colorimeter (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorimeter_(chemistry)

   The output from a colorimeter may be displayed by an analogue or digital meter and may be shown as transmittance (a linear scale from 0 to 100%) or as absorbance (a logarithmic scale from zero to infinity). The useful range of the absorbance scale is from 0 to 2 but it is desirable to keep within the range 0–1, because above 1 the results ...

7. Hot-filament ionization gauge - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot-filament_ionization_gauge

   The hot-filament ionization gauge, sometimes called a hot-filament gauge or hot-cathode gauge, is the most widely used low-pressure (vacuum) measuring device for the region from 10 −3 to 10 −10 Torr. It is a triode, with the filament being the cathode.

8. Pirani gauge - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirani_gauge

   The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the gas affects the readout from the meter, and therefore the apparatus may need calibrating before accurate readings are obtainable. For lower pressure measurement, the thermal conductivity of the gas becomes increasingly smaller and more difficult to measure accurately, and other instruments such ...

9. Photometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometer

   Historically, a photometer was separate from the camera and known as an exposure meter. The advanced photometers then could be used either to measure the light from the potential picture as a whole, to measure from elements of the picture to ascertain that the most important parts of the picture are optimally exposed, or to measure the incident ...