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Studies indicating that fish can feel pain were confusing nociception with feeling pain, says Rose. "Pain is predicated on awareness. The key issue is the distinction between nociception and pain. A person who is anaesthetised in an operating theatre will still respond physically to an external stimulus, but he or she will not feel pain."
Other studies have said fish don't feel pain as they lack the neural tissue required for sensing pain. Studies have instead found evidence of people projecting feelings of pain onto the animals ...
There have been several published lists of criteria for establishing whether non-human animals experience pain, e.g. [39] [40] Some criteria that may indicate the potential of another species, including crustaceans, to feel pain include: [40] Has a suitable nervous system and sensory receptors
Rose had published a study a year earlier arguing that fish cannot feel pain because their brains lack a neocortex. [38] However, animal behaviorist Temple Grandin argues that fish could still have consciousness without a neocortex because "different species can use different brain structures and systems to handle the same functions." [36]
Scientists called for humane ways to handle crabs, lobsters, and other shellfish in the kitchen after showing for the first time that crustaceans indeed feel pain.. Boiling lobsters and crabs ...
The concept of nociception does not necessarily imply any adverse, subjective feeling; it is a reflex action. The second component is the experience of "pain" itself, or suffering—i.e., the internal, emotional interpretation of the nociceptive experience. Pain is therefore a private, emotional experience.
Jennifer Jacquet suggests that the belief that fish do not feel pain originated in response to a 1980s policy aimed at banning catch and release. [34] The range of animals regarded by scientists as sentient or conscious has progressively widened, now including animals such as fish, lobsters and octopus. [35]
What you'll notice about a lot of the emotions that people feel in their stomach ( butterflies, the gutwrench, the knot) is that they're all different ways of experiencing the same emotion: stress.