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Rhinovirus A and B use "major" ICAM-1 (Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1), also known as CD54 (Cluster of Differentiation 54), on respiratory epithelial cells, as receptors to bind to. Some subgroups under A and B uses the "minor" LDL receptor instead. [18] Rhinovirus C uses cadherin-related family member 3 (CDHR3) to mediate cellular entry. [19]
An estimated 22–189 million school days are missed annually due to a cold. As a result, parents missed 126 million workdays to stay home to care for their children. When added to the 150 million workdays missed by employees who have a cold, the total economic impact of cold-related work loss exceeds $20 billion per year.
Rhinitis is commonly caused by a viral or bacterial infection, including the common cold, which is caused by Rhinoviruses, Coronaviruses, and influenza viruses, others caused by adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, human respiratory syncytial virus, enteroviruses other than rhinoviruses, metapneumovirus, and measles virus, or bacterial ...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), [a] also called human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human orthopneumovirus, is a virus that causes infections of the respiratory tract.
Unlike all other enteroviruses, EV-D68 displays acid lability and a lower optimum growth temperature, both characteristic features of the human rhinoviruses. It was previously called human rhinovirus 87 by some researchers. [5] Since the year 2000, the original virus strains diversified and evolved a genetically distinct outbreak strain, clade B1.
The human rhinovirus – the most common viral pathogen in humans – is the predominant cause of the common cold. [4] The hypothesized mechanism of action by which zinc reduces the severity and/or duration of cold symptoms is the suppression of nasal inflammation and the direct inhibition of rhinoviral receptor binding and rhinoviral ...
Human rhinovirus A71 Human rhinovirus 71 Enterovirus 71 ( EV71 ), also known as Enterovirus A71 ( EV-A71 ), is a virus of the genus Enterovirus in the Picornaviridae family, [ 1 ] notable for its role in causing epidemics of severe neurological disease and hand, foot, and mouth disease in children. [ 2 ]
Rhinoviruses infect primarily the nose and the throat. Enteroviruses replicate at 37 °C, whereas rhinoviruses grow better at 33 °C, as this is the lower temperature of the nose. Enteroviruses are stable under acidic conditions, thus they are able to survive exposure to gastric acid .