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In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus , or consumers' surplus , is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...
In economics, deadweight loss is the loss of societal economic welfare due to production/consumption of a good at a quantity where marginal benefit (to society) does not equal marginal cost (to society) – in other words, there are either goods being produced despite the cost of doing so being larger than the benefit, or additional goods are not being produced despite the fact that the ...
United States trade deficits from 1997 to 2021. Deficits are over 50 billion dollars as of 2021 with the countries shown. Data from the US Census Bureau.. The balance of trade of the United States moved into substantial deficit from the late 1990s, especially with China and other Asian countries.
English: An illustrative supply/demand graph, showing a price floor that has caused a market surplus (shaded in light blue). Line D (red) represents the demand (price vs. quantity demanded), line S (blue) represents the supply (price vs. quantity supplied), point E (black) is the equilibrium point, and line F (green, dashed) represents the price floor.
A measure of total gains from trade is the sum of consumer surplus and producer profits or, more roughly, the increased output from specialization in production with resulting trade. [8] Gains from trade may also refer to net benefits to a country from lowering barriers to trade such as tariffs on imports. [9]
The following table shows the value of total annual merchandise exports and imports, expressed in millions of United States dollars (current prices), and the resulting trade balance, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), [2] World Trade Organization (WTO), [3] and World Bank (WB). [4] [5] [6]
The balance of trade improves over time as consumers react, returning to balance at month 3 and rising to a surplus of 150 million at month 4. In economics , the "J curve" is the time path of a country’s trade balance following a devaluation or depreciation of its currency, under a certain set of assumptions.
Surplus economics is the study of economics based upon the concept that economies operate on the basis of the production of a surplus over basic needs.