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The Sino–Russian Challenge to the World Order: National Identities, Bilateral Relations, and East versus West in the 2010s (2014) online review; Rozman, Gilbert. The Chinese Debate about Soviet Socialism, 1978–1985 (Princeton UP, 1987). Schwartz, Harry. Tsars, mandarins, and commissars: a history of Chinese-Russian relations (1973) Shen ...
The main form of cooperation in the complex economic relations between Russia and China is trade. From 2003 until 2013, mutual trade increased 7.7 times; in 2014 the scale of bilateral operations increased even more. The aggravation of relations between Russia and Western countries contributed to the expansion of economic ties with China.
The Sino-Soviet split was the gradual worsening of relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the Cold War. This was primarily caused by doctrinal divergences that arose from their different interpretations and practical applications of Marxism–Leninism , as influenced by ...
Shadow Cold War: The Sino-Soviet Competition for the Third World. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-4696-2377-1. JSTOR 10.5149/9781469623771_friedman. Garver, John W. (1988). Chinese–Soviet Relations, 1937–1945: The Diplomacy of Chinese Nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505432-6.
Deng Xiaoping pursued a policy of balance between the US and USSR. Relations between China and the USSR improved in the early 1980s. [28]: 141 In 1981–82, Chinese fears of Soviet encirclement and a coming war diminished; however, the desire to remove these threats remained the top priority for normalization of Sino-Soviet relations. [29]
The Sino-Soviet border was a legacy of various treaties between the Qing dynasty and the Russian Empire, the Treaty of Aigun and the Treaty of Beijing, in which Russia gained over 1 million km 2 (390,000 sq mi) of territory in Manchuria at China's expense, and another 500,000 km 2 in the western regions from several other treaties.
After Western countries imposed heavy sanctions on Russian oil in response to Russia sending troops into Ukraine in February 2022, China strongly stepped up its purchase of Russian oil, increasing ...
The Chinese–Russian border or the Sino-Russian border is the international border between China and Russia. After the final demarcation carried out in the early 2000s, it measures 4,209.3 kilometres (2,615.5 mi), [ 3 ] and is the world's sixth-longest international border.