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Switching loops can cause misleading entries in a switch's media access control (MAC) database and can cause endless unicast frames to be broadcast throughout the network. A loop can make a switch receive the same broadcast frames on two different ports, and alternatingly associate the sending MAC address with the one or the other port.
A high-level overview of network bridging, using the ISO/OSI layers and terminology. A network bridge is a computer networking device that creates a single, aggregate network from multiple communication networks or network segments. This function is called network bridging. [1] Bridging is distinct from routing.
The lettered clouds represent network segments. The smallest bridge ID is 3. Therefore, bridge 3 is the root bridge. The root bridge of the spanning tree is the bridge with the smallest (lowest) bridge ID. Each bridge has a configurable priority number and a MAC address; the bridge ID is the concatenation of the
According to the original Ethernet protocol, a signal sent out over the collision domain must reach every part of the network within a specified length of time. The 5-4-3 rule ensures this. Each segment and repeater that a signal goes through adds a small amount of time to the process, so the rule is designed to minimize transmission times of ...
This is achieved by sending the network traffic to multiple destinations on an Ethernet network. [2] As a concept related to computer networking, it includes three types of Ethernet modes: broadcast, unicast and multicast Ethernet. BUM traffic refers to that kind of network traffic that will be forwarded to multiple destinations or that cannot ...
Switches for Ethernet are the most common form of network switch. The first MAC Bridge [3] [4] [5] was invented [6] in 1983 by Mark Kempf, an engineer in the Networking Advanced Development group of Digital Equipment Corporation. The first 2 port Bridge product (LANBridge 100) was introduced by that company shortly after.
IEEE 802.1ah is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q networking standard which adds support for Provider Backbone Bridges.It includes an architecture and a set of protocols for routing over a provider's network, allowing interconnection of multiple provider bridge networks without losing each customer's individually defined VLANs.
IEEE 802.1aq is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q networking standard which adds support for Shortest Path Bridging (SPB).This technology is intended to simplify the creation and configuration of Ethernet networks while enabling multipath routing.