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In Inuit communities, the women play a crucial role in the survival of the group. The responsibilities faced by Inuit women were considered equally as important as those faced by the men. Because of this, women are given due respect and an equal share of influence or power. [7]
The Inuit are an indigenous people of the Arctic and subarctic regions of North America (parts of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland).The ancestors of the present-day Inuit are culturally related to Iñupiat (northern Alaska), and Yupik (Siberia and western Alaska), [1] and the Aleut who live in the Aleutian Islands of Siberia and Alaska.
Traditional Apache gender roles have many of the same skills learned by both females and males. All children traditionally learn how to cook, follow tracks, skin leather, sew stitches, ride horses, and use weapons. [2] Typically, women gather vegetation such as fruits, roots, and seeds. Women often prepare the food.
Ada Delutuk was born on May 10, 1898 or 1899, [1] [2] in the remote settlement of Spruce Creek, 8 mi (13 km) from Solomon, Alaska.Ada's father died of food poisoning when she was eight years old, and her mother sent her and her sister, Rita, to a Methodist mission school in Nome, Alaska.
Inuit women wearing Mother Hubbard parkas scraping a caribou hide with their ulu knives. Photo from Fifth Thule Expedition, 1921–24. The production of traditional skin garments for everyday use has declined in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as a result of loss of skills combined with shrinking demand.
The practice of facial tattooing is considered a part of coming into womanhood for Inuit women. [11] [2] Women were unable to marry until their faces were tattooed, and the tattoos meant that they had learned essential skills for later in life. [9] Designs would vary depending on the region.
A sipiniq person was regarded socially as a member of their designated gender, in a process that has been termed "reverse socialization". [10] They would be named after a deceased relative of the designated gender, learn skills [11] and perform work associated with that gender, and wear traditional clothing tailored for that gender's tasks.
Anthropological study of Inuit culture and clothing by Danish, American, and Canadian scholars was common in the 19th and early 20th centuries. [11] These sources focused on the physical aspects of Inuit clothing that enabled survival in the extreme Arctic environment, as well as the technical aspects involved in garment production. [12]