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A Fourier series (/ ˈ f ʊr i eɪ,-i ər / [1]) is an expansion of a periodic function into a sum of trigonometric functions. The Fourier series is an example of a trigonometric series. [2] By expressing a function as a sum of sines and cosines, many problems involving the function become easier to analyze because trigonometric functions are ...
An Elementary Treatise on Fourier's Series: And Spherical, Cylindrical, and Ellipsoidal Harmonics, with Applications to Problems in Mathematical Physics (2 ed.). Ginn. p. 30. Carslaw, Horatio Scott (1921). "Chapter 7: Fourier's Series". Introduction to the Theory of Fourier's Series and Integrals, Volume 1 (2 ed.). Macmillan and Company. p. 196.
A fundamental question about Fourier series, asked by Fourier himself at the beginning of the 19th century, is whether the Fourier series of a continuous function converges pointwise to the function. By strengthening the continuity assumption slightly one can easily show that the Fourier series converges everywhere.
See also list of Fourier analysis topics and list of Fourier-related transforms, which are more directed towards the classical Fourier series and Fourier transform of mathematical analysis, mathematical physics and engineering.
A generalized Fourier series is the expansion of a square integrable function into a sum of square integrable orthogonal basis functions. The standard Fourier series uses an orthonormal basis of trigonometric functions , and the series expansion is applied to periodic functions.
Then the Fourier series of f converges at t to f(t). For example, the theorem holds with ω f = log −2 ( 1 / δ ) but does not hold with log −1 ( 1 / δ ) . Theorem (the Dini–Lipschitz test): Assume a function f satisfies
A Fourier series, by nature, has a discrete set of components with a discrete set of coefficients, also a discrete sequence. So a DFS is a representation of one sequence in terms of another sequence. Well known examples are the Discrete Fourier transform and its inverse transform. [1]: ch 8.1
Existence or divergence to infinity of the Cesàro mean is also implied. By a theorem of Marcel Riesz, Fejér's theorem holds precisely as stated if the (C, 1) mean σ n is replaced with (C, α) mean of the Fourier series (Zygmund 1968, Theorem III.5.1).