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Lewin, a social psychologist, believed the "field" to be a Gestalt psychological environment existing in an individual's (or in the collective group) mind at a certain point in time that can be mathematically described in a topological constellation of constructs. The "field" is very dynamic, changing with time and experience.
Burnes B., "Kurt Lewin and the Planned Approach to Change: A Re-appraisal", Journal of Management Studies (41:6 September 2004), Manchester, 2004. Crosby, G. "Planned Change: Why Kurt Lewin's Social Science is Still Best Practice for Business Results, Change Management, and Human Progress." (2021) ISBN 978-0-367-53577-3 (Routledge
The first systematic study of group development was carried out by Kurt Lewin, who introduced the term "group dynamics". [5] His ideas about mutual, cross-level influence and quasi-stationary equilibria, although uncommon in the traditional empirical research on group development, have resurged recently.
Lewin's field theory holds that a number of different and competing forces combine to result in the totality of the situation. A single person's behavior may be different in unique situations, as he or she is acting partly in response to these differential forces and factors (e.g. the environment, or E ):
When Lewin moved to the USA, he had become more involved with real world issues and the need to understand and change human behavior. His desire and personal involvement with gestalt psychology led to the development of his field theory. [1] Lewin's field theory emphasized interpersonal conflict, individual personalities, and situational variables.
The National Training Laboratories Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, known as the NTL Institute, is an American non-profit behavioral psychology center founded by Kurt Lewin in 1947. NTL became a major influence [1] in modern corporate training programs, and in particular, developed the T-groups methodology that remains in place today.
Kurt Lewin (1943, 1948, 1951) is commonly identified as the founder of the movement to study groups scientifically. He coined the term group dynamics to describe the way groups and individuals act and react to changing circumstances.
It also illustrates other aspects of Lewin's general model of change. As indicated in the diagram, the planning stage is a period of unfreezing, or problem awareness. [22] The action stage is a period of change, that is, trying out new forms of behavior in an effort to understand and cope with the system's problems.