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IMF International Monetary Fund: Specialised agency of the UN: Washington, D.C. 1944: IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development: World Bank Group, Specialised agency of the UN: Washington, D.C. 1956: IFC International Finance Corporation: World Bank Group: Washington, D.C. 1960: IDA International Development Association: World ...
So in effect this was a gold – dollar exchange standard. There were a number of improvements on the old gold standard. Two international institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created. A key part of their function was to replace private finance as a more reliable source of lending for investment projects ...
The World Bank was created at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, along with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The president of the World Bank is traditionally an American. [12] The World Bank and the IMF are both based in Washington, D.C., and work closely with each other. The Gold Room at the Mount Washington Hotel where the International ...
Former World Bank Chief Economist and former chairman of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers Joseph E. Stiglitz referred in the late 1990s to a growing consensus that something is wrong with a system having the capacity to impose high costs on a great number of people who are hardly even participants in international financial markets ...
Former chief economist of IMF and former Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Raghuram Rajan who predicted the 2007–2008 financial crisis criticised the IMF for remaining a sideline player to the developed world. He criticised the IMF for praising the monetary policies of the US, which he believed were wreaking havoc in emerging markets. [151]
Between 2004 and 2013, the World Bank committed to lend or give at least $338 billion, according to bank data. Its private-lending affiliate, the International Finance Corporation, committed to invest at least $116 billion during the same period in corporations and other banks in pursuit of the overall goal of alleviating poverty.
Labor and Services Law: Addresses the legal dimensions of international labor standards and service trade. Investment Law and Arbitration: Deals with the legal framework for international investments and dispute resolution. Intellectual Property Law: Governs the protection of intellectual property rights in the international arena.
The World Bank has regularly failed to live up to its own policies for protecting people harmed by projects it finances. The World Bank and its private-sector lending arm, the International Finance Corp., have financed governments and companies accused of human rights violations such as rape, murder and torture.