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The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, [1] [2] and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact [3] [4] and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, [5] was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with a secret protocol establishing Soviet and German spheres of influence across Eastern Europe. [6]
Hitler himself sent out a coded telegram to Stalin to state that because "Poland has become intolerable", Stalin must receive Ribbentrop in Moscow by August 23 at the latest to sign a pact. [122] Controversy surrounds a related alleged Stalin's speech on August 19, 1939 asserting that a great war between the Western powers was necessary for the ...
On August 23, 1939, a German delegation headed by Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived to Moscow, and in the following night, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was signed by him and his Soviet colleague Vyacheslav Molotov, in the presence of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. [113] The ten-year pact of non-aggression declared both parties ...
The German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty was a second supplementary protocol [1] of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 23 August 1939. [2] It was a secret clause as amended on 28 September 1939 by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union after their joint invasion and occupation of sovereign Poland. [3]
The pact was an agreement of mutual non-aggression between the countries. [101] It contained secret protocols dividing the states of Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet "spheres of influence." [101] At the time, Stalin considered the trade agreement to be more important than the non-aggression pact. [102]
Hitler still hoped to dissuade Stalin from giving guarantees to Bulgaria if the Bosporus issue could be solved, and he pressed the Bulgarian ambassador that the Soviets could be persuaded against resistance if the Bulgarians joined the pact, and he warned about the horrors of Soviet occupation.
Joseph Stalin pursued the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Adolf Hitler, which was signed on 23 August 1939. This non-aggression pact contained a secret protocol, that drew up the division of Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence in the event of war. [21]
22 May 1939: The Pact of Steel (the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy) signed. 7 June 1939: The German–Estonian Non-Aggression Pact and the German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact signed. 19 August 1939: The German–Soviet Commercial Agreement signed. 23/24 August 1939: The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact signed.