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The Pali language's resemblance to Sanskrit is often exaggerated by comparing it to later Sanskrit compositions—which were written centuries after Sanskrit ceased to be a living language, and are influenced by developments in Middle Indic, including the direct borrowing of a portion of the Middle Indic lexicon; whereas, a good deal of later ...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and Pali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
A śramaṇa (Sanskrit: श्रमण, Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɕrɐmɐɳɐ]; Pali: 𑀲𑀫𑀡, romanized: samaṇa; Chinese: 沙門; pinyin: shāmén; Vietnamese: sa môn) is a person "who labours, toils, or exerts themselves for some higher or religious purpose" [1] [2] or "seeker, or ascetic, one who performs acts of austerity".
This is most common in cases of a stop followed by sonorant, as in -tn-, -dm-, -kl-, etc. — Sanskrit ratna > Pali ratana or Sanskrit klēśa > Prakrit kilēsa > Hindustani kales "grief". The above sound changes are rather sweeping and complex, so it helps to walk through certain examples:
from Sanskrit भक्ति "bhakti", portion or more importantly, devotion. Brinjal from Portuguese bringella or beringela, from Persian بادنجان badingān, probably from Sanskrit vātiṅgaṇa. [13] Buddha from Sanskrit बुद्ध buddha, which means "awakened, enlightened", refers to Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism.
Used in rendering Sanskrit and Pali texts, it is written as an open circle above the consonant (for example อํ). Its pronunciation depends on the following sound: if it is a consonant, the nikkhahit is pronounced as a homorganic nasal, and if it is at the end of a word, it is pronounced as a voiced velar nasal /ŋ/. [citation needed]
This Pali keyboard installer [5] made by Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) supports IAST (works on Microsoft Windows up to at least version 10, can use Alt button on the right side of the keyboard instead of Ctrl+Alt combination).
By the late 15th century, a form of the Sukhothai script had reached the Mekong River basin, after which the script developed differences between its Thai and Lao variants. In the 1960s, the Lao People's Revolutionary Party has simplified the spelling to be phonemic and omitted extra letters used to write words of Pali-Sanskrit origin. [2] [3]