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Single-cell proteins (SCP) or microbial proteins [1] refer to edible unicellular microorganisms.The biomass or protein extract from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi or bacteria may be used as an ingredient or a substitute for protein-rich foods, and is suitable for human consumption or as animal feeds.
Examples include single cell protein, bakers yeast, lactobacillus, E. coli, and others. In the case of single-cell protein, algae is grown in large open ponds which allow photosynthesis to occur. [11] If the biomass is to be used for inoculation of other fermentations, care must be taken to prevent mutations from occurring.
Whole wheat bread or wholemeal bread is a type of bread made using flour that is partly or entirely milled from whole or almost-whole wheat grains, see whole-wheat flour and whole grain. It is one kind of brown bread. Synonyms or near-synonyms for whole-wheat bread outside the United States (e.g., the UK) are whole grain bread or wholemeal bread.
Often, refined flour will be the first ingredient (even on “wheat bread”) which is still using refined flour, and therefore, provides fewer of the benefits 100% whole-grains provides—fiber ...
Gluten, a protein found naturally in wheat, barley and rye, becomes degraded during the fermentation process when making sourdough bread, says Van Buiten, so it naturally contains less gluten than ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and alcohol, and is used in the making of beer and bread. [51] S. cerevisiae is also an important model organism, since it is a eukaryotic organism that is easy to grow. It has been used to research cancer and neurodegenerative diseases as well as to understand the cell cycle.
Flour provides the primary structure, starch and protein to the final baked bread. The protein content of the flour is the best indicator of the quality of the bread dough and the finished bread. While bread can be made from all-purpose wheat flour, a specialty bread flour, containing more protein (12–14%), is recommended for high-quality bread.
Sprouted (or germinated) grain breads have roughly the same amount of vitamins per gram, and 47% less gluten than regular bread. [citation needed] A comparison of nutritional analyses shows that sprouted grains contain about 75% of the carbohydrates, slightly higher protein and about 40% of the fat when compared to whole grains. [1] [2]
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