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Significant distances requiring transportation in Southern Arizona are generally traveled by highway and the railroad. Southern Arizona is the location of the major transcontinental Interstate highway Interstate 10 from the border with New Mexico westward through Tucson, and then continuing northwest via Casa Grande to the Phoenix–Scottsdale–Mesa metropolis.
The Gadsden Purchase (Spanish: Venta de La Mesilla "La Mesilla sale") [2] is a 29,640-square-mile (76,800 km 2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States acquired from Mexico by the Treaty of Mesilla, which took effect on June 8, 1854.
A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, and the second-largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the historic Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, the Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million.
1768 – Arizona becomes part of the Provincia de las Californias, under Spanish rule. 1775 – Southern Arizona explored by Juan Bautista de Anza while leading an expedition from Mexico to San Francisco. [19] [25] 1776 – Presidio San Augustin del Tucson (military outpost) established, when the presidio of Tubac was relocated. [23] [27]
Four counties (Mohave, Pima, Yavapai and Yuma) were created in 1864 following the organization of the Arizona Territory in 1862. The now defunct Pah-Ute County was split from Mohave County in 1865, but merged back in 1871. All but La Paz County were created by the time Arizona was granted statehood in 1912.
Southern Arizona Community Academy (SACA) is a charter high school located in Tucson, Arizona It opened in the 1999–2000 school year. SACA's enrollment is between 180 and 240 students. [ 1 ]
Murray Springs is located in southern Arizona near the San Pedro River and once served as a Clovis hunting camp approximately 11,000 years BP. The site is unique for the massive quantity of large megafauna processing and extensive tool making. Archaeologists identified five buried animal kills and processing locations and a Clovis camp location.
Southern Arizona was uplifted and experienced volcanic eruptions, which deposited high silica ash to the north as the Chinle Formation, which created the petrified wood of Petrified Forest National Park. Through the Jurassic, a large coastal desert similar to the modern Sahara or Namib desert occupied northern Arizona into Utah.