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The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx. [ 6 ] [ 8 ] Signs and symptoms may appear in as little as two days after exposure to the virus. [ 6 ]
Rhinovirus is the most common viral infectious agent in humans and is the predominant cause of the common cold. [1] The three species of rhinovirus (A, B, and C) include at least 165 recognized types that differ according to their surface antigens or genetics. [2] They are among the smallest viruses, with diameters of about 30 nanometers.
The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, bronchioles, and the lungs. [6] Lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) are generally more severe than upper respiratory infections. LRIs are the leading cause of death among all infectious diseases. [7] The two most common LRIs are bronchitis and pneumonia. [8]
Respiratory disease is a common and significant cause of illness and death around the world. In the US, approximately one billion common colds occur each year. [ 29 ] A study found that in 2010, there were approximately 6.8 million emergency department visits for respiratory disorders in the U.S. for patients under the age of 18. [ 30 ]
Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza) Based on symptoms Supportive care No Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Yes: Coxsackie B virus: Coxsackie B virus infection Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA and from cell culture.
Respiratory diseases are super common. The human respiratory tract is open to the outside world to let air in and carbon dioxide out, making it an easy point of entry for germs that can ...
Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a term often used as a synonym for pneumonia but can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess and acute bronchitis. Symptoms include shortness of breath , weakness, fever , coughing and fatigue. [ 3 ]
Common causes of viral pneumonia are: Influenza virus A and B [5] Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) [5] Human parainfluenza viruses (in children) [5] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [6] Rarer viruses that commonly result in pneumonia include: Adenoviruses (in military recruits) [5] Metapneumovirus [7]