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Polystyrene sulfonates are a group of medications used to treat high blood potassium. [1] Effects generally take hours to days. [1] They are also used to remove potassium, calcium, and sodium from solutions in technical applications. Common side effects include loss of appetite, gastrointestinal upset, constipation, and low blood calcium. [1]
Potassium binders are medications that bind potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby preventing its intestinal absorption. This category formerly consisted solely of polystyrene sulfonate, a polyanionic resin attached to a cation, administered either orally or by retention enema to patients who are at risk of developing hyperkalaemia (abnormal high serum potassium levels).
Cross-sections of ZS-9 pores with three different ions (K⁺ = potassium, Na⁺ = sodium, Ca²⁺ = calcium). The specificity for potassium is thought to be caused by the diameter and composition of the pores, which resembles potassium channels. ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate. Zirconium silicates have been extensively used in medical and dental ...
A common group of medication that utilizes a combination of polystyrene and sulfonate functional groups are polystyrene sulfonates. [3] This medication is primarily used to treat hyperkalemia, a condition that results from an increased blood potassium level. [3] FDA approved equivalents of polystyrene sulfonates are KIONEX, KALEXATE, and SPS ...
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Calcium acetate: Lenal Ace: Aluminum free: Calcium containing-potential risk of hypercalcemia and ectopic calcification PhosLo: Higher efficacy than calcichew/sevelamer: Parathyroid hormone oversuppression Moderately cheap: Gastrointestinal side effects Lower calcium load than calcium carbonate: Large tablets & capsules, nonchewable formulation
If you're traveling for the holidays, you're probably feeling a bit worn-down—but is it just fatigue, or could it be COVID-19?. It’s probably been a minute since you last thought about COVID ...