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Exophthalmos (also called exophthalmus, exophthalmia, proptosis, or exorbitism) is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. Exophthalmos can be either bilateral (as is often seen in Graves' disease ) or unilateral (as is often seen in an orbital tumor).
An Exophthalmometer. An exophthalmometer is an instrument used for measuring the degree of forward displacement of the eye in exophthalmos.The device allows measurement of the forward distance of the lateral orbital rim to the front of the cornea. [1]
In medical literature, Anglo-Irish surgeon Robert James Graves, in 1835, was the first to describe the association of a thyroid goitre with exophthalmos (proptosis) of the eye. [29] Graves' ophthalmopathy may occur before, with, or after the onset of overt thyroid disease and usually has a slow onset over many months. [citation needed]
Protruding eyeballs (known as proptosis and exophthalmos). Diplopia (double vision) is common. [4] Limitation of eye movement (due to impairment of eye muscle function). Periorbital and conjunctival edema (accumulation of fluid beneath the skin around the eyes). In severe cases, the optic nerve may be compressed and acuity of vision impaired. [24]
Myxedema can also occur in the lower leg (pretibial myxedema) and behind the eyes (exophthalmos). [citation needed] Severe cases, requiring hospitalization can exhibit signs of hypothermia, hypoglycemia, hypotension, respiratory depression, and coma. [citation needed]
This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymologies.Most of them are combining forms in Neo-Latin and hence international scientific vocabulary.
Stellwag's sign is a sign of infrequent or incomplete blinking associated with exophthalmos or Graves orbitopathy. It is accompanied by Dalrymple's sign, which is a retraction of the upper eyelids resulting in an apparent widening of the palpebral opening. Stellwag's sign is named after Austrian ophthalmologist Karl Stellwag von Carion.
It should not be confused with its opposite, exophthalmos, which is the anterior displacement of the eye. It may be a congenital anomaly, or be acquired as a result of trauma (such as in a blowout fracture of the orbit), Horner's syndrome (apparent enophthalmos due to ptosis), Marfan syndrome, Duane's syndrome, silent sinus syndrome or phthisis ...