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The inductive effect can be used to determine the stability of a molecule depending on the charge present on the atom and the groups bonded to the atom. For example, if an atom has a positive charge and is attached to a - I group its charge becomes 'amplified' and the molecule becomes more unstable.
The inductive effect is the transmission of charge through covalent bonds and Bent's rule provides a mechanism for such results via differences in hybridisation. In the table below, [ 26 ] as the groups bonded to the central carbon become more electronegative, the central carbon becomes more electron-withdrawing as measured by the polar ...
In a titanium(IV) chloride-catalyzed formal nucleophilic substitution at enantiopure 1 in the scheme below, two products are formed – 2a and 2b Due to the two chiral centers in the target molecule, the carbon carrying chlorine and the carbon carrying the methyl and acetoxyethyl group, four different compounds are to be formed: 1R,2R- (drawn ...
Electron-withdrawing groups exert an "inductive" or "electron-pulling" effect on covalent bonds. The strength of the electron-withdrawing group is inversely proportional to the pKa of the carboxylic acid. [2] The inductive effect is cumulative: trichloroacetic acid is 1000x stronger than chloroacetic acid.
The polarization of a molecule through its bonds is a separate phenomenon known as induction. [3] Field effects are relatively weak, and diminish rapidly with distance, but have still been found to alter molecular properties such as acidity. [1] Field effect on a carbonyl arising from the dipole in a C-F bond.
An electric effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of a molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. [1] In organic chemistry , the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry ( stereochemistry ) of a molecule.
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Usually, the inductive effect brought upon by multiple bonds to a heteroatom can be counterbalanced by p donation from the same heteroatom. For instance, based on absolute b-inductive power, -CN is more inductive than CF 3, but since there can be p donation from the nitrogen of CN, its inductive capability is reduced. In common heteroatomic ...