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The HIF transcriptional complex was discovered in 1995 by Gregg L. Semenza and postdoctoral fellow Guang Wang. [5] [6] [7] In 2016, William Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza were presented the Lasker Award for their work in elucidating the role of HIF-1 in oxygen sensing and its role in surviving low oxygen conditions. [8]
In fish, the neuroepithelial cells (NEC) have been implicated as the major oxygen sensing cells. [8] NEC have been found in all teleost fish studied to date, and are likely a highly conserved structure within many taxa of fish.
Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. [2] It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or ...
The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled organ in bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish [1]) that functions to modulate buoyancy, and thus allowing the fish to stay at desired water depth without having to maintain lift via swimming, which expends more energy. [2]
Diagrammatic vertical section through the eye of teleost fish. Fish have a refractive index gradient within the lens which compensates for spherical aberration. [4] Unlike humans, most fish adjust focus by moving the lens closer or further from the retina. [5] Teleosts do so by contracting the retractor lentis muscle.
Researchers argue that the findings have implications for dietary interventions in humans that target the gut-brain connection. Molecule in fish ‘plays role in protecting and improving cognitive ...
EPA is obtained in the human diet by eating oily fish, e.g., cod liver, herring, mackerel, salmon, menhaden and sardine, various types of edible algae, or by taking supplemental forms of fish oil or algae oil. It is also found in human breast milk. Fish, like most vertebrates, can synthesize very little EPA from dietary alpha-linolenic acid ...
Gills are tissues which consist of threadlike structures called filaments. These filaments have many functions and are involved in ion and water transfer as well as oxygen, carbon dioxide, acid and ammonia exchange. [4] Each filament contains a capillary network that provides a large surface area for the exchange of gases and ions. Fish ...