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Charlemagne's reign was marked by political and social changes that had lasting influence on Europe throughout the Middle Ages. A member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon.
The Carolingian Empire (800–887) was a Frankish-dominated empire in Western and Central Europe during the Early Middle Ages.It was ruled by the Carolingian dynasty, which had ruled as kings of the Franks since 751 and as kings of the Lombards in Italy from 774.
The Carolingian dynasty (/ ˌ k ær ə ˈ l ɪ n dʒ i ə n / KARR-ə-LIN-jee-ən; [1] known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolingus, Carolings, Karolinger or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family named after Charles Martel and his grandson Charlemagne, descendants of the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. [2]
Carolingian denarius (Denier) The Carolingian monetary system, also called the Carolingian coinage system [1] or just the Carolingian system, [2] was a currency structure introduced by Charlemagne in the late 8th century as part of a major reform, the effects of which subsequently dominated much of Europe, including Britain, for centuries.
Charles the Fat (839 – 13 January 888) was the emperor of the Carolingian Empire [a] from 881 to 887. A member of the Carolingian dynasty, Charles was the youngest son of Louis the German and Hemma, and a great-grandson of Charlemagne. He was the last Carolingian emperor of legitimate birth and the last to rule a united kingdom of the Franks.
In the wake of these deaths, Charlemagne declared Pepin's son Bernard ruler of Italy, and his own only surviving son Louis as heir to the rest of the empire. [23] Louis and Bernard were formally invested as Charlemagne's heirs in September of 813, and would fully succeed upon his death in 814. [24]
Carolingian Empire and its capital, Aachen, in the early 9th century. Besides, settling down in Aachen enabled Charlemagne to control the operations in Saxony from a closer position. [7] Charlemagne also considered other advantages of the place: surrounded with forest abounding in game, he intended to abandon himself to hunting in the area. [8]
The identification as an "emperor governing the Roman Empire" rather than a "Roman emperor" could be seen as an attempt at avoiding the dispute and issue over who was the true emperor and attempting to keep the perceived unity of the empire intact. [12] The Carolingian Empire (green) and the Byzantine Empire (purple) in 814 AD.