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An autonomous thyroid nodule or "hot nodule" is one that has thyroid function independent of the homeostatic control of the HPT axis (hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis). According to a 1993 article, such nodules need to be treated only if they become toxic; surgical excision (thyroidectomy), radioiodine therapy, or both may be used. [32]
Cal-th (kg-cal-th) Cal th: 1.0 Cal th (4.2 ... 1.0 Mcal 15 (4.2 MJ) kilocalorie (15°C) kcal-15 (g-cal-15) kcal 15: 1.0 ...
Colloid nodules may be initially identified as an unspecified kind of thyroid nodule. Follow-up examinations typically include an ultrasound if it is unclear whether or not there really is a nodule present. Once the presence of a nodule has been confirmed, the determination of the kind of thyroid nodule is done by fine needle aspiration biopsy. [7]
the small calorie (gram-calorie, cal) is 4.184 J exactly. It was originally defined so that the specific heat capacity of liquid water would be 1 cal/(°C⋅g). The grand calorie (kilocalorie, kilogram-calorie, food calorie, kcal, Cal) is 1000 small calories, 4184 J exactly. It was defined so that the specific heat capacity of water would be 1 ...
The contribution of the muscle to the specific heat of the body is approximately 47%, and the contribution of the fat and skin is approximately 24%. The specific heat of tissues range from ~0.7 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for tooth (enamel) to 4.2 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1 for eye (sclera). [13]
Energy density is thus commonly expressed in metric units of cal/g, kcal/g, J/g, kJ/g, MJ/kg, cal/mL, kcal/mL, J/mL, or kJ/mL. Energy density measures the energy released when the food is metabolized by a healthy organism when it ingests the food (see food energy for calculation).
The amount of energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 3.5 to 4.5 °C at standard atmospheric pressure. [b] 15 °C calorie: cal 15: ≈ 4.1855 J ≈ 0.003 9671 BTU ≈ 1.1626 × 10 −6 kW⋅h ≈ 2.6124 × 10 19 eV The amount of energy required to warm one gram of air-free water from 14.5 to 15.5 °C at standard atmospheric ...
A cold nodule is a thyroid nodule that does not produce thyroid hormone. [1] On a radioactive iodine uptake test a cold nodule takes up less radioactive material than the surrounding thyroid tissue. [1] A cold nodule may be malignant or benign. [1] On scintigraphy cold nodules do not show but are easily shown on ultrasound. [2]