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420 series contains several types with various carbon content between 0.15% and 0.40% this steel grade is widely used to make high-end razor blades, surgical scalpels, etc. It obtains about 57 HRC after suitable heat treatment. 420HC (420C) is a higher carbon content 420 stainless steel.
Scalpel blade injuries were among the most frequent sharps injuries, second only to needlesticks. Scalpel injuries made up 7 percent to 8 percent of all sharps injuries in 2001. [12] [13] "Scalpel Safety" is a term coined to inform users that there are choices available to them to ensure their protection from this common sharps injury. [14]
Obsidian can be used to make extremely sharp knives, and obsidian blades are a type of glass knife made using naturally occurring obsidian instead of manufactured glass. Obsidian is used by some surgeons for scalpel blades, although this is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use on humans. [ 61 ]
The glass used typically starts out as 1-inch-wide (25 mm) strips of 1 ⁄ 4-inch-thick (6.4 mm) plate glass, which is cut into 1 inch (2.5 cm) squares. The glass square is then scored across the diagonal with a steel or tungsten carbide glass-cutting wheel to determine where the square will break, and pressure is then applied gradually across ...
Despite being sharper, prismatic obsidian is also considerably more brittle than steel; obsidian blades of the type used on the macuahuitl tended to shatter on impact with other obsidian blades, steel swords or plate armour. Obsidian blades also have difficulty penetrating European mail. The thin, replaceable blades used on the macuahuitl were ...
Additionally, The entire blade is highly susceptible to being accidentally broken. One such use of obsidian is to make extremely sharp surgical scalpels. [3] Ceramic knives hold their edge for a long time, but are brittle.
Surgical knives made from obsidian are still used in some delicate surgeries, [33] as they cause less damage to tissues than surgical knives and the resulting wounds heal more quickly. In 1975, American archaeologist Don Crabtree manufactured obsidian scalpels which were used for surgery on his own body.
Orthopedic plates are designed based on the bone fracture. While the general design is similar, each plate must be manufactured to not only to reduce the fracture but also fit the contour of the patient's bone. [5] Protection Locking plates can be used either to support a locking head screw, or to force bone together at the fracture.