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The first book, for instance, consists of a lay on the anger of Achilles (1–347), and two continuations, the return of Chryseis (430–492) and the scenes in Olympus (348–429, 493–611). The second book forms a second lay, but several passages, among them the speech of Odysseus (278–332), are interpolated.
When the copyist ran out of free text space, he listed them on separate pages or in separate works. The works of Homer have been heavily annotated since antiquity. The number of manuscripts of the Iliad is currently (2014) approximately 1800. [2] The papyri of the Odyssey are less in number but are still in the order of dozens [citation needed].
At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey. [9]: 1–3 The figure of Homer is shrouded in mystery. Although the works as they now stand are credited to him, it is certain that their roots reach far back before his time (see Homeric Question).
Odysseus was the result of this union, which took place before Anticlea's marriage to Laërtes. [5] When Anticlea was brought to a place about the Alalcomeneum in Boeotia , she delivered Odysseus. Later on, her son called the city of Ithaca by the same name, to renew the memory of the place in which he had been born.
A mosaic depicting Odysseus, from the villa of La Olmeda, Pedrosa de la Vega, Spain, late 4th–5th centuries AD. The Odyssey begins after the end of the ten-year Trojan War (the subject of the Iliad), from which Odysseus (also known by the Latin variant Ulysses), king of Ithaca, has still not returned because he angered Poseidon, the god of the sea.
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Ismarus mountain; Samothrace is visible to the south. It is uncertain if this mountain is the same Ismaros as Homer's Ismaros. Ismarus was situated on a mountain of the same name, east of lake Ismaris, on the southeast coast of Thrace. [4]
Odysseus, however, does not directly appear in the narrative until Book 5. Instead, the Telemachy ' s subject is the effect of Odysseus' absence on his family, Telemachus in particular. The first four books of the Odyssey give the reader a glimpse of the goings-on at the palace in Ithaca. There are a multitude of suitors vying for Penelope's ...