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Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [2] [3] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up analysis of patients treated for urinary tract cancers.
Urethral cancer is a rare cancer originating from the urethra. The disease has been classified by the TNM staging system and the World Health Organization. [1] [3] [4] Symptoms include blood in the urine, lump at end of penis, or bloody penile discharge. [2] Diagnosis is established by transurethral biopsy. [1]
Cytopathology of reactive urothelial changes, Pap stain, showing urothelial cells with enlarged nuclei but a nucleus-cytoplasm ratio of less than 0.5. There are bacteria, as well as an inflammatory response of neutrophils, providing a cause for the changes. Nuclear atypia refers to abnormal appearance of cell nuclei.
Invasive urothelial carcinoma is a type of transitional cell carcinoma. It is a type of cancer that develops in the urinary system: the kidney , urinary bladder , and accessory organs. Transitional cell carcinoma is the most common type of bladder cancer and cancer of the ureter , urethra , renal pelvis , the ureters , the bladder , and parts ...
The Paris System for reporting urinary cytology, version 2.0, ranging from negative to positive for high grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). [11] Transitional refers to the histological subtype of the cancerous cells as seen under a microscope. Immunohistochemistry for p53 can help distinguish a PUNLMP from a low grade urothelial carcinoma ...
They cannot be reliably differentiated from low grade papillary urothelial carcinomas using cytology, [1] and their diagnosis (vis-a-vis low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma) has a poor inter-rater reliability. [2] Pathologic grading and staging tumors are: graded by the degree of cellular atypia (G1->G3), and staged: [citation needed ...
Decoy cells owe their name to their strong resemblance to cancer cells, and may as such confuse the diagnosis of either viral infection or urothelial malignancy. During 1950s, cytotechnologist Andrew Ricci observed cells mimicking cancer cells by they were not, in a group of persons working in some kinds of industries - they were referred to as ...
Bladder tumors are classified by their appearance under the microscope, and by their cell type of origin. Over 90% of bladder tumors arise from the cells that form the bladder's inner lining, called urothelial cells or transitional cells; the tumor is then classified as urothelial cancer or transitional cell cancer.