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Ruthenium compounds are compounds containing the element ruthenium (Ru). Ruthenium compounds can have oxidation states ranging from 0 to +8, and −2. The properties of ruthenium and osmium compounds are often similar. The +2, +3, and +4 states are the most common.
The most important reagents for the introduction of ruthenium are ruthenium(III) chloride and triruthenium dodecacarbonyl. In its organometallic compounds, ruthenium is known to adopt oxidation states from -2 ([Ru(CO) 4] 2−) to +6 ([RuN(Me)4] −). Most common are those in the 2+ oxidation state, as illustrated below.
Among the binary compounds of ruthenium, these high oxidation states are known only in the oxides and fluorides. [40] Ruthenium trichloride is a well-known compound, existing in a black α-form and a dark brown β-form: the trihydrate is red. [41]
Ruthenium(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ru O 2. This black solid is the most common oxide of ruthenium. It is widely used as an electrocatalyst for producing chlorine, chlorine oxides, and O 2. [1] Like many dioxides, RuO 2 adopts the rutile structure. [2] [3]
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]
As the most commonly available ruthenium compound, RuCl 3 ·xH 2 O is the precursor to many hundreds of chemical compounds. The noteworthy property of ruthenium complexes, chlorides and otherwise, is the existence of more than one oxidation state, several of which are kinetically inert.
The lowest oxidation state is −5, as for boron in Al 3 BC [3] and gallium in pentamagnesium digallide (Mg 5 Ga 2). In Stock nomenclature, which is commonly used for inorganic compounds, the oxidation state is represented by a Roman numeral placed after the element name inside parentheses or as a superscript after the element symbol, e.g. Iron ...
Oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde with TPAP (0.06 eq.) and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (1.7 eq.) with molecular sieves in dichloromethane. [1]Ruthenium tetroxide is a highly aggressive oxidant, but TPAP, which is its one-electron reduced derivative, is a mild oxidizing agent for the conversion of primary alcohols to aldehydes (the Ley oxidation). [2]