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A grey hat (greyhat or gray hat) is a computer hacker or computer security expert who may sometimes violate laws or typical ethical standards, but usually does not have the malicious intent typical of a black hat hacker. The term came into use in the late 1990s, and was derived from the concepts of "white hat" and "black hat" hackers. [1]
A grey hat is a hacker who typically does not have malicious intent but often violates laws or common ethical standards. A vulnerability will not be illegally exploited by a grey hat, nor will it instruct others on how to do so; however, the grey hat may trade this information for personal gain. [17]
Grey hat hackers may not be malicious, but what they do is illegal in most cases. They hack systems without permission and request payment in exchange for their silence. If the problem is not promptly fixed then the hackers may go public. Grey hat hackers create a more competitive environment in the software field.
A grey hat hacker lies between a black hat and a white hat hacker, hacking for ideological reasons. [20] A grey hat hacker may surf the Internet and hack into a computer system for the sole purpose of notifying the administrator that their system has a security defect, for example. They may then offer to correct the defect for a fee. [19]
Global kOS was a grey hat (leaning black hat) computer hacker group active from 1996 through 2000. globalHell was a group of hackers, composed of about 60 individuals. The group disbanded in 1999 when 12 members were prosecuted for computer intrusion and 30 for lesser offenses.
In the infancy of the hacker subculture and the computer underground, [3] criminal convictions were rare because there was an informal code of ethics that was followed by white hat hackers. [4] Proponents of hacking claim to be motivated by artistic and political ends, but are often unconcerned about the use of criminal means to achieve them. [5]
The only computers, in theory, covered by the CFAA are defined as "protected computers".They are defined under section to mean a computer: . exclusively for the use of a financial institution or the United States Government, or any computer, when the conduct constituting the offense affects the computer's use by or for the financial institution or the government; or
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 18 December 2024. American hacker (1963–2023) Kevin Mitnick Mitnick in 2010 Born Kevin David Mitnick (1963-08-06) August 6, 1963 Los Angeles, California, U.S. Died July 16, 2023 (2023-07-16) (aged 59) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. Other names The Condor, The Darkside Hacker Occupations Information ...