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They occur when the bacteria colonizes the throat area, where it recognizes epithelial cells. [9] The two most prominent infections of GAS are both non-invasive: strep throat (pharyngitis) where it causes 15–30% of the childhood cases and 10% of adult cases, and impetigo. [4] These may be effectively treated with antibiotics.
However, staph infections are still prominent and a cause for concern among healthcare professionals, especially new antibiotic-resistant strains. In the U.S., the incidence of staph infection is around 38.2 to 45.7 per 100,000 person-years, whereas other First World countries have an average incidence rate of 10 to 30 per 100,000 person-years.
Infection with GBS can cause serious illness and sometimes death, especially in newborns, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems. The most severe form of group B streptococcal disease is neonatal meningitis in infants, which is frequently lethal and can cause permanent neuro-cognitive impairment .
Penicillins are a widely used group of medications that are effective for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections in human adults and children as well as other species. Some side effects are predictable, of which some are common but not serious, some are uncommon and serious and others are rare. [ 2 ]
These factors include local patterns of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, whether the infection is thought to be a hospital or community-acquired infection, and which organ systems are thought to be infected. [42] [20] Antibiotic regimens should be reassessed daily and narrowed if appropriate. Treatment duration is typically 7–10 days ...
The cause is typically a bacterial infection and less commonly a fungal infection. [1] Risk factors include valvular heart disease, including rheumatic disease, congenital heart disease, artificial valves, hemodialysis, intravenous drug use, and electronic pacemakers. [6] [7] [5] The bacteria most commonly involved are streptococci or ...
It is a contributing factor to the development of antibiotic resistance, including the creation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, informally called "super bugs": relatively harmless bacteria (such as Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Acinetobacter) can develop resistance to multiple antibiotics and cause life-threatening infections.
Causes: Neisseria gonorrhoeae typically sexually transmitted [1] Diagnostic method: Testing the urine, urethra in males; vagina or cervix in females, throat, or rectum [1] Prevention: Condoms, having sex with only one person who is uninfected, not having sex [1] [3] Treatment: Ceftriaxone by injection and azithromycin by mouth [4] [5] Frequency ...