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When the gingiva become so irritated that there is a loss of the connective tissue fibers that attach the gums to the teeth and bone that surrounds the tooth, this is known as periodontitis. Dental plaque is not the sole cause of periodontitis; however it is many times referred to as a primary aetiology.
For regular calcification, the pulp stones are smooth, round or ovoid with concentric laminations. It is commonly found in the coronal pulp. As for irregular calcifications without laminations, pulp stones may have the shape of rods or leaves and the surface is rough. It is more common in the radicular pulp.
Nevertheless, the AI affect primary and permanent teeth leading to various forms of enamel defects like hypomineralization and hypocalcification and the affected teeth appear discolored, brittle and highly prone to wear [32], as the severity and appearance of the defects is based on the specific gene mutation with certain forms resulting in ...
Cross-section of a tooth. B is dentin. Dentin (/ ˈ d ɛ n t ɪ n / DEN-tin) (American English) or dentine (/ ˈ d ɛ n ˌ t iː n / DEN-teen or / ˌ d ɛ n ˈ t iː n / DEN-TEEN) (British English) (Latin: substantia eburnea) is a calcified tissue of the body and, along with enamel, cementum, and pulp, is one of the four major components of teeth.
Occasionally, pulp stones appear surrounded by odontoblast-like cells that contain tubules. [33] Pulp stones can reach as high as 50% in surveyed samples. Pulp stones are estimated to typically range from 8–9%. [30] Pulpal calcifications are more common in females and more frequent in maxillary teeth compared to mandibular teeth.
It sounds like a no-brainer, but the signs of being at an increased risk of becoming one of the 805,000 people a year in the U.S. who have a heart attack aren't always clear.
The high salivary concentrations of calcium and phosphate which are maintained by salivary proteins may account for the development and remineralization of enamel. The presence of fluoride in saliva speeds up crystal precipitation forming a fluorapatite-like coating which will be more resistant to caries. [4]
Dental fluorosis appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [4] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration, and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth. The severity of the condition is dependent on the dose, duration, and age of the individual during the exposure. [ 1 ]
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