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The word pyelonephritis is formed by the Greek roots pyelo-from πύελος (púelos) renal pelvis and nephro- from νεφρός (nephrós) kidney together with the suffix -itis from -ῖτις (-itis) used in medicine to indicate diseases or inflammations.
Lloyd's sign indicates the presence of renal calculus or pyelonephritis when pain is elicited by deep percussion in the back between the 12th rib and the spine. [1] It is closely related to costovertebral angle tenderness, as the area of percussion is the same. However, Lloyd's sign is specifically defined as positive costovertebral angle ...
Clinical symptoms in patients with pyonephrosis can range from frank sepsis (15%) to asymptomatic bacteriuria.Upon physical examination, the hydronephrotic kidney may be linked to a palpable abdominal mass. [4]
Some pain above the pubic bone or in the lower back may be present. People experiencing an upper urinary tract infection, or pyelonephritis, may experience flank pain, fever, or nausea and vomiting in addition to the classic symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection. [10] Rarely, the urine may appear bloody [7] or contain visible pus in the ...
"Pain ladder", or analgesic ladder, was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a guideline for the use of drugs in the management of pain. Originally published in 1986 for the management of cancer pain , it is now widely used by medical professionals for the management of all types of pain .
In terms of cause, almost any condition that involves ischemia can lead to renal papillary necrosis. A mnemonic for the causes of renal papillary necrosis is POSTCARDS: pyelonephritis, obstruction of the urogenital tract, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, analgesia/alcohol use disorder, renal vein thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic vasculitis. [3]
Phenazopyridine is a medication which, when excreted by the kidneys into the urine, has a local analgesic effect on the urinary tract.It is often used to help with the pain, irritation, or urgency caused by urinary tract infections, surgery, or injury to the urinary tract.
The scarring of the small blood vessels, called capillary sclerosis, is the initial lesion of analgesic nephropathy. [7] Found in the renal pelvis, ureter, and capillaries supplying the nephrons, capillary sclerosis is thought to lead to renal papillary necrosis and, in turn, chronic interstitial nephritis.