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A concurrent programming language is defined as one which uses the concept of simultaneously executing processes or threads of execution as a means of structuring a program. A parallel language is able to express programs that are executable on more than one processor.
Multiprocessing however means true parallel execution of multiple processes using more than one processor. [7] Multiprocessing doesn't necessarily mean that a single process or task uses more than one processor simultaneously; the term parallel processing is generally used to denote that scenario. [6]
However, in multiprocessing systems many processes may run off of, or share, the same reentrant program at the same location in memory, but each process is said to own its own image of the program. Processes are often called "tasks" in embedded operating systems. The sense of "process" (or task) is "something that takes up time", as opposed to ...
A process with two threads of execution, running on a single processor . In computer architecture, multithreading is the ability of a central processing unit (CPU) (or a single core in a multi-core processor) to provide multiple threads of execution.
In this way, multiple processes are part-way through execution at a single instant, but only one process is being executed at that instant. [citation needed] Concurrent computations may be executed in parallel, [3] [6] for example, by assigning each process to a separate processor or processor core, or distributing a computation across a network.
(Other concurrency systems, e.g., process calculi can be modeled in the actor model using a two-phase commit protocol. [13]) The mathematical denotation denoted by a closed system S is constructed increasingly better approximations from an initial behavior called ⊥ S using a behavior approximating function progression S to construct a ...
"In a multiprogramming or multiprocessing environment, one or more sequences of instructions treated by a control program as an element of work to be accomplished by a computer." The term task in OS/360 through z/OS is roughly equivalent to light-weight process; the tasks in a job step share an address space.
The term "multiprocessor" can be confused with the term "multiprocessing". While multiprocessing is a type of processing in which two or more processors work together to execute multiple programs simultaneously, multiprocessor refers to a hardware architecture that allows multiprocessing. [5]