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The reaction of zinc with water is slowed by this passive layer. When this layer is corroded by acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, the reaction proceeds with the evolution of hydrogen gas. [1] [9] Zn + 2 H + → Zn 2+ + H 2. Zinc reacts with alkalis as with acids.
A single-displacement reaction, also known as single replacement reaction or exchange reaction, is an archaic concept in chemistry. It describes the stoichiometry of some chemical reactions in which one element or ligand is replaced by atom or group. [1] [2] [3] It can be represented generically as: + +
In a compound or ion, the sum of the oxidation states equals the total charge of the compound or ion. Fluorine in compounds has OS = −1; this extends to chlorine and bromine only when not bonded to a lighter halogen, oxygen or nitrogen. Group 1 and group 2 metals in compounds have OS = +1 and +2, respectively.
Cl 2 + H 2 → 2 HCl. As the reaction is exothermic, the installation is called an HCl oven or HCl burner. The resulting hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed in deionized water, resulting in chemically pure hydrochloric acid. This reaction can give a very pure product, e.g. for use in the food industry. The reaction can also be triggered by blue ...
The use of zinc chloride as a flux, sometimes in a mixture with ammonium chloride (see also Zinc ammonium chloride), involves the production of HCl and its subsequent reaction with surface oxides. Zinc chloride forms two salts with ammonium chloride: [NH 4] 2 [ZnCl 4] and [NH 4] 3 [ZnCl 4]Cl, which decompose on heating liberating HCl, just as ...
For oxidation-reduction reactions in acidic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, one will need to add H + ions to balance the hydrogen ions in the half reaction. For oxidation-reduction reactions in basic conditions, after balancing the atoms and oxidation numbers, first treat it as an acidic solution and then add OH − ...
The order of reactivity, as shown by the vigour of the reaction with water or the speed at which the metal surface tarnishes in air, appears to be Cs > K > Na > Li > alkaline earth metals, i.e., alkali metals > alkaline earth metals, the same as the reverse order of the (gas-phase) ionization energies.
This color change is caused by a small loss of oxygen to the environment at high temperatures to form the non-stoichiometric Zn 1+x O, where at 800 °C, x = 0.00007. [26] Zinc oxide is an amphoteric oxide. It is nearly insoluble in water, but it will dissolve in most acids, such as hydrochloric acid: [27] ZnO + 2 HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2 O