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Therefore, bioavailability for dietary supplements can be defined as the proportion of the administered substance capable of being absorbed and available for use or storage. [11] In both pharmacology and nutrition sciences, bioavailability is measured by calculating the area under curve (AUC) of the drug concentration time profile.
This is often measured by quantifying the "AUC". In order to determine the respective AUCs, the serum concentration vs. time plots are typically gathered using C-14 labelled drugs and AMS (accelerated mass spectrometry). [5] Bioavailability can be measured in terms of "absolute bioavailability" or "relative bioavailability".
Biological value (BV) is a measure of the proportion of absorbed protein from a food which becomes incorporated into the proteins of the organism's body. It captures how readily the digested protein can be used in protein synthesis in the cells of the organism.
Drug permeability, together with drug aqueous solubility are the two parameters that define the fate of the active ingredient after oral administration and ultimately define its bioavailability. [1] When drug permeability is empirically measured in vitro , it is generally called apparent permeability (P app ) as its absolute value varies ...
Biological productivity (photosynthesis) in marine ecosystems is often limited by the bioavailability of nitrogen. [6]The amount of bioavailable nitrogen (nitrate (NO 3 −), nitrite (NO 2 −), and ammonium (NH 4 +)) depends on the inputs from nitrogen fixation and losses from denitrification and anammox as dinitrogen gas (N 2), a compound only accessible to nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Parts-per-million cube of relative abundance by mass of elements in an average adult human body down to 1 ppm. About 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium ...
It is calculated from the ratio of carbon dioxide produced by the body to oxygen consumed by the body, when the body is in a steady state. Such measurements, like measurements of oxygen uptake, are forms of indirect calorimetry. It is measured using a respirometer.
Venous oxygen saturation (SvO 2) is the percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin returning to the right side of the heart. It can be measured to see if oxygen delivery meets the tissues' demands. SvO 2 typically varies between 60% and 80%. [9] A lower value indicates that the body is in lack of oxygen, and ischemic diseases occur.