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The thyrohyoid muscle is a small skeletal muscle of the neck. Above, it attaches onto the greater cornu of the hyoid bone ; below, it attaches onto the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage . It is innervated by fibres derived from the cervical spinal nerve 1 that run with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) to reach this muscle.
The thyrohyoid branch [1] (also: thyrohyoid branch of ansa cervicalis, [2] or nerve to thyrohyoid (muscle) [2] [3]: 595, 600 ) is a motor branch derived from the cervical plexus [2] [2] [3]: 595, 600 [4]: 457, 709 formed by fibres of (the anterior ramus of [3]: 600 ) the cervical spinal nerve 1 (C1) [3]: 582 [5] [6] [4]: 457, 709 (and - according to some sources - cervical spinal nerve 2 (C2 ...
Its anterior surface is in relation with the thyrohyoid muscle, sternohyoid muscle, and omohyoid muscles, and with the body of the hyoid bone. It is pierced by the superior laryngeal nerve . [ 2 ] It is also pierced the superior thyroid artery , where there is a thickening of the membrane.
Nerve supply [ edit ] All of the infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the ansa cervicalis from the cervical plexus ( C1 - C3 ) [ 4 ] [ 5 ] except the thyrohyoid muscle, which is innervated by fibers only from the first cervical spinal nerve travelling with the hypoglossal nerve .
Branches of the ansa cervicalis innervate three of the four infrahyoid muscles: the sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid muscles (note that the thyrohyoid muscle is the one infrahyoid muscle not innervated by the ansa cervicalis - it is instead innervated by cervical spinal nerve 1 via a separate thyrohyoid branch [2]: 582, 600 ).
Geniohyoid: by a branch from the hypoglossal nerve consisting of fibres from the C1 nerve. Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid are supplied by ansa cervicalis. Thyrohyoid: by a branch of hypoglossal nerve but the fibres are all 'hitch-hiking' from C1.
The internal laryngeal nerve is the internal branch. It descends to the thyrohyoid membrane, piercing it in company with the superior laryngeal artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the larynx.
The lateral thyrohyoid ligament (lateral hyothyroid ligament) is a round elastic cord, which forms the posterior border of the thyrohyoid membrane and passes between the tip of the superior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the extremity of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone.