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The most common convention is to name inverse trigonometric functions using an arc- prefix: arcsin(x), arccos(x), arctan(x), etc. [1] (This convention is used throughout this article.) This notation arises from the following geometric relationships: [ citation needed ] when measuring in radians, an angle of θ radians will correspond to an arc ...
CORDIC (coordinate rotation digital computer), Volder's algorithm, Digit-by-digit method, Circular CORDIC (Jack E. Volder), [1] [2] Linear CORDIC, Hyperbolic CORDIC (John Stephen Walther), [3] [4] and Generalized Hyperbolic CORDIC (GH CORDIC) (Yuanyong Luo et al.), [5] [6] is a simple and efficient algorithm to calculate trigonometric functions, hyperbolic functions, square roots ...
These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.
Catastrophic cancellation may happen even if the difference is computed exactly, as in the example above—it is not a property of any particular kind of arithmetic like floating-point arithmetic; rather, it is inherent to subtraction, when the inputs are approximations themselves.
There are three common notations for inverse trigonometric functions. The arcsine function, for instance, could be written as sin −1, asin, or, as is used on this page, arcsin. For each inverse trigonometric integration formula below there is a corresponding formula in the list of integrals of inverse hyperbolic functions.
The haversine formula determines the great-circle distance between two points on a sphere given their longitudes and latitudes.Important in navigation, it is a special case of a more general formula in spherical trigonometry, the law of haversines, that relates the sides and angles of spherical triangles.
For example, the sine of angle θ is defined as being the length of the opposite side divided by the length of the hypotenuse. The six trigonometric functions are defined for every real number, except, for some of them, for angles that differ from 0 by a multiple of the right angle (90°). Referring to the diagram at the right, the six ...
The analog of the Pythagorean trigonometric identity holds: [2] + = If X is a diagonal matrix, sin X and cos X are also diagonal matrices with (sin X) nn = sin(X nn) and (cos X) nn = cos(X nn), that is, they can be calculated by simply taking the sines or cosines of the matrices's diagonal components.