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Plantar fibromatosis is most frequently present on the medial border of the sole, near the highest point of the arch. [6] The lump is usually painless [6] and the only pain experienced is when the nodule rubs on the shoe or floor. [5] The overlying skin is freely movable, and contracture of the toes does not occur in the initial stages. [6]
The white tumor infiltrates the adjacent skeletal muscle (red tissue – lower left) and fat (yellow tissue – upper left). This tendency for invasion of adjacent normal tissues and structures is the reason that desmoid-type fibromatosis has a relatively high rate of local recurrence, even after surgical removal.
The term fibromatosis refers to a group of soft tissue tumors [1] which have certain characteristics in common, including absence of cytologic and clinical malignant features, a histology consistent with proliferation of well-differentiated fibroblasts, an infiltrative growth pattern, and aggressive clinical behavior with frequent local recurrence.
The plantar fascia also has an important role in dynamic function during gait. It was found the plantar fascia continuously elongated during the contact phase of gait. It went through rapid elongation before and immediately after mid-stance, reaching a maximum of 9% to 12% elongation between mid-stance and toe-off. [5]
Morton's neuroma is a benign neuroma of an intermetatarsal plantar nerve, most commonly of the second and third intermetatarsal spaces (between the second/third and third/fourth metatarsal heads; the first is of the big toe), which results in the entrapment of the affected nerve.
Plantar fasciitis is the most common type of plantar fascia injury [10] and is the most common reason for heel pain, responsible for 80% of cases. The condition tends to occur more often in women, military recruits, older athletes, dancers, [ 1 ] people with obesity, and young male athletes.
The cystic fibroma (fibroma cysticum) has central softening or dilated lymphatic vessels. The myxofibroma (fibroma myxomatodes) is produced by liquefaction of the underlying soft tissue . The cemento-ossifying fibroma is hard and fibrous, most frequently seen in the jaw or mouth , sometimes in connection with a fracture or another type of injury .
Nodular fasciitis occurs in all age groups but most often affects those between 20–40 years old. Males and females are equally affected. NF tumors, which may be tender or painful, typically present as rapidly growing solitary lesions that reach their final size (usually 2–3 cm) within a few weeks. [10]