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Gadolinium was discovered in 1880 by Jean Charles de Marignac, who detected its oxide by using spectroscopy. It is named after the mineral gadolinite, one of the minerals in which gadolinium is found, itself named for the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin. Pure gadolinium was first isolated by the chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran around 1886.
Gadolinite, sometimes known as ytterbite, is a silicate mineral consisting principally of the silicates of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium, beryllium, and iron with the formula (Ce,La,Nd,Y) 2 FeBe 2 Si 2 O 10.
The research team found a mud layer 2 to 4 meters beneath the seabed with concentrations of up to 0.66% rare-earth oxides. A potential deposit might compare in grade with the ion-absorption-type deposits in southern China that provide the bulk of Chinese REO mine production, which grade in the range of 0.05% to 0.5% REO. [120] [121]
Gadolinium isotopes have 10 metastable isomers, with the most stable being 143m Gd (t 1/2 = 110 seconds), 145m Gd (t 1/2 = 85 seconds) and 141m Gd (t 1/2 = 24.5 seconds). The primary decay mode at atomic weights lower than the most abundant stable isotope, 158 Gd, is electron capture , and the primary mode at higher atomic weights is beta decay .
Metal Largest producer Second largest producer Complete list Aluminium [6] China India List of countries by aluminium production: Bauxite [7] Australia Guinea List of countries by bauxite production
Abundance (atom fraction) of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust as a function of atomic number; [5] siderophiles shown in yellow Graphs of abundance against atomic number can reveal patterns relating abundance to stellar nucleosynthesis and geochemistry.
The mine will cover only 17 acres (6.8 hectares) and will operate for three to six years, producing at least 2 million pounds (about 907,000 kilograms) of uranium — enough to power the state of ...
In vitro studies have found gadolinium-based contrast agents to be neurotoxic, [33] and a study found signal intensity in the dentate nucleus of MRI (indicative of gadolinium deposition) to be correlated with lower verbal fluency. [34] Confusion is often reported as a possible clinical symptom. [33]