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Gadolinium oxide forms on the surface of gadolinium metal. Gadolinium oxide is a rather basic oxide, indicated by its ready reaction with carbon dioxide to give carbonates. It dissolves readily in the common mineral acids with the complication that the oxalate, fluoride, sulfate and phosphate are very insoluble in water and may coat the grains ...
However, gadolinium can be found on rare occasions in the 0, +1 and +2 oxidation states. All four trihalides are known. All are white, except for the iodide, which is yellow. Most commonly encountered of the halides is gadolinium(III) chloride (GdCl 3). The oxide dissolves in acids to give the salts, such as gadolinium(III) nitrate.
G. Gadolinium acetate; Gadolinium diiodide; Gadolinium gallium garnet; Gadolinium iodate; Gadolinium monosulfide; Gadolinium oxyorthosilicate; Gadolinium oxysulfide
They named the element gadolinium after Johan Gadolin, and its oxide was named "gadolinia". Further spectroscopic analysis between 1886 and 1901 of samaria, yttria, and samarskite by William Crookes , Lecoq de Boisbaudran and Eugène-Anatole Demarçay yielded several new spectral lines that indicated the existence of an unknown element.
Gadolinite was named in 1800 for Johan Gadolin, the Finnish mineralogist-chemist who first isolated an oxide of the rare-earth element yttrium from the mineral in 1792. The rare earth gadolinium was also named after him. However, gadolinite does not contain more than trace amounts of gadolinium.
Oxygen vacancies are created when gadolinium (a trivalent cation) is introduced into ceria (CeO 2, with Ce in the 4+ oxidation state) or on reduction in CO or H 2. [1] The high concentration and mobility of the oxide ion vacancies results in a high ionic conductivity in this material.
The decahydrate of gadolinium oxalate thermally decomposes to obtain the anhydrous form, which can then be heated to produce gadolinium oxide. [2] Gadolinium oxalate reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce Gd(C 2 O 4)Cl. [3] It also reacts with sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal conditions to produce gadolinium hydroxide. [1]
The most famous ReBCO is yttrium barium copper oxide, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x (or Y123), the first superconductor found with a critical temperature above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. [10] Its molar ratio is 1 to 2 to 3 for yttrium, barium, and copper and it has a unit cell consisting of subunits, which is the typical structure of perovskites .