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Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In humans, interleukin 10 is encoded by the IL10 gene. [5] IL-10 signals through a receptor complex consisting of two IL-10 receptor-1 and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins. [6]
B10 cells are presumed to originate from B10 progenitor (B10pro) cells, which can mature into B10eff cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation or CD40 litigation. [1] [8] In mice, B10eff cells (derived from B10 cells) actively secrete IL-10, whereas competency for IL-10 expression in B10pro cells must be induced by ex vivo stimulation. [1]
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a protein that inhibits the synthesis of a number of cytokines, including IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, TNF, and GM-CSF produced by activated macrophages and by helper T cells. In structure, IL-10 is a protein of about 160 amino acids that contains four conserved cysteines involved in disulphide bonds. [33]
The IL-10 family is a family of interleukins. In addition to IL-10, it includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, IL-24 and IL-26. [1] Some sources also include the interferons IL-28 and IL-29. [2] The IL-10 family are helical cytokines categorized based on their specific similarities and can be classified as class 2 cytokines. [3]
Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α also trigger pathological pain. [1] While IL-1β is released by monocytes and macrophages, it is also present in nociceptive DRG neurons. IL-6 plays a role in neuronal reaction to an injury. TNF-α is a well known proinflammatory cytokine present in neurons and the glia.
Interleukin 10 receptor, beta subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor. IL10RB is its human gene. [5] IL10RB has also been designated CDw210b (cluster of differentiation w210b). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cytokine receptor family. It is an accessory chain essential for the active interleukin 10 receptor complex.
Interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) is a type II cytokine receptor.The receptor is tetrameric, composed of 2α [1] and 2β [2] subunits. The α subunit (encoded in the Il10ra gene) is expressed on haematopoietic cells (such as T, B, NK, mast, and dendritic cells) whilst the β subunit (encoded in the Il10rb gene) is expressed ubiquitously.
Siltuximab was also tested in the phase I/II study for therapy of patients with metastatic castration-associated prostate cancer in combination with docetaxel and in renal cell carcinoma; phase II trials in ovarian cancer resulted in 39% of patients showed disease stabilization via IL-6-regulated downregulation of CCL2, CXCL12 and VEGF.