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For millennia, agriculture has played an important role in the Chinese economy and society. By the time the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, virtually all arable land was under cultivation; irrigation and drainage systems constructed centuries earlier and intensive farming practices already produced relatively high yields.
By Northern China's Longshan culture (3rd millennium BCE), a large number of communities with stratified social structures had emerged. [ 18 ] The Erlitou culture ( c. 1900 -1350 BCE), named after its type site in modern Henan , dominated northern China in the early second millennium BCE, [ 19 ] [ 20 ] when urban societies and bronze casting ...
As China is the biggest food producer and importer in the world, what happens in the agricultural sector of China has an immediate effect on the global food system. China increased its grain self sufficiency by expanding agriculture areas to regions with less rain, giving them water with irrigation systems .
By 2016, agricultural laborers made up only approximately 40% of China's working class. Service workers made up the largest portion of China's working class, surpassing the industrial workers. [117] The working middle class at this time was seen to be the leading class as they gained more economic resources and production power.
GDP per capita in China (1913–1950) After the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China underwent a period of instability and disrupted economic activity. During the Nanjing decade (1927–1937), China advanced in a number of industrial sectors, in particular those related to the military, in an effort to catch up with the west and prepare for war with Japan.
The lower grade, the Elementary Agricultural Production Cooperative, operated on the principle of compensation to members based on both contributed labor and contributed capital. [42] For this reason, it was deemed "semi-socialist" – labor and its fruits were shared, but in addition there was still compensation on the basis of preexisting ...
During the Republic of China period, neither the Beiyang government or the later Nanjing government succeeded in consolidating governance in rural China. [ 1 ] : 71 Traditional rural leaders continued to hold power through economic means, interpersonal relationships, and symbolic resources like lineage.
The industrialization of China refers to the process of China undergoing various stages of industrialization and technological revolutions.The focus is on the period after the founding of the People's Republic of China where China experienced its most notable transformation from a largely agrarian country to an industrialized powerhouse.