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The original term 'deficit model' was believed to be [3] coined in the 1930s, [4] and sometimes attributed to the work of Jon D. Miller, though his widely cited work on scientific literacy does not employ the term. [1] The deficit model sees the general population as the receiver of information and scientific knowledge.
Studies such as Lakoff's Language and Woman's Place have been labeled the "deficit approach", since they assume that adult male language is standard, and that women's language is deficient. [11] Descriptions of women's speech as deficient can actually be dated as far back as Otto Jespersen's "The Woman", a chapter in his 1922 book Language: Its ...
Lakoff, "Language and Woman's Place" (1973) Lakoff, "Language in Context" (1972) Robin Lakoff analyzes Sarah Palin and the 2008 election, interview with Kiera Butler for Mother Jones, 3 October 2008; Faculty home page (University of California, Berkeley) Liberman, Mark (May 9, 2004). "Gender and tags". Language Log. University of Pennsylvania
The measurement of implicit language competence, although apparently necessary and satisfying for theoretic linguistics, is complexly interwoven with performance factors. Transience, stimulability, and variability in aphasia language use provide evidence for an access deficit model that supports performance loss. [27]
The difference model is a theory of gendered differences in language which sees men and ... The difference model is often contrasted with dominance/deficit and ...
Reading is an area that has been extensively studied via the computational model system. The dual-route cascaded model (DRC) was developed to understand the dual-route to reading in humans. [14] Some commonalities between human reading and the DRC model are: [5] Frequently occurring words are read aloud faster than non-frequently occurring words.
Between 28% and 60% of children with a speech and language deficit have a sibling and/or parent who is also affected. [14] Down syndrome is another example of a genetic causal factor that may result in speech and/or language impairments. Stuttering is a disorder that is hypothesized to have a strong genetic component as well.
Sammer and Wüstenhagen (2006) point out that while people may be aware of environmental issues, this does not necessarily mean that they play a major role in their actions. These findings suggest that the 'value-action gap' cannot be overcome simply by using an 'information deficit' model of individual participation.