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Shigellosis, known historically as dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by Shigella bacteria. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] Symptoms generally start one to two days after exposure and include diarrhea , fever , abdominal pain , and feeling the need to pass stools even when the bowels are empty. [ 1 ]
Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery, and is a severe form of shigellosis. It is associated with species of bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae. [1] The term is usually restricted to Shigella infections. [2] Shigellosis is caused by one of several types of Shigella bacteria. [3]
The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica; then it is called amoebiasis. [1] Other causes may include certain chemicals, other bacteria, other protozoa, or parasitic worms. [2] It may spread between people. [4]
Shigella species can cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery). Shigellae are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile bacteria. [2] S. dysenteriae has the ability to invade and replicate in various species of epithelial cells and enterocytes. [3]
Shigella causes disease in primates, but not in other mammals; it is the causative agent of human shigellosis. [2] It is only naturally found in humans and gorillas. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] During infection, it typically causes dysentery .
Shigellosis is commonly suffered by individuals with advanced HIV disease, as well as men who have sex with men, regardless of their HIV status. Shigellosis may invade the bloodstream and cause bacteremia in people with a compromised immune system, which can be life-threatening. [9] [10]
Shiga studied 32 dysentery patients and used Koch's Postulates to successfully isolate and identify the bacterium causing the disease. He continued to study and characterize the bacterium, identifying its methods of toxin production i.e. Shiga Toxin, and worked tirelessly to create a vaccine for the disease.
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a species of bacteria [1] and the only member of its genus. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from freshwater, freshwater fish, shellfish, cattle, goats, swine, cats, dogs, monkeys, vultures, snakes, toads and humans. [2]