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Chemoprevention or chemoprophylaxis refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection. [1] [2] Antibiotics, for example, may be administered to patients with disorders of immune system function to prevent bacterial infections (particularly opportunistic infection). [3]
Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim only to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. [1] [2]
The health care provider may need to use topical anesthetic before accessing the port. Ports can be used for medications, chemotherapy, and blood. As ports are located completely under the skin, they are easier to maintain and have a lower risk of infection than CVC or PICC catheters. [4]
Premedication is using medication before some other therapy (usually surgery or chemotherapy) to prepare for that forthcoming therapy.Typical examples include premedicating with a sedative or analgesic before surgery; using prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics before surgery; and using antiemetics or antihistamines before chemotherapy.
Protective isolation or reverse isolation denotes the practices used for protecting vulnerable persons for contracting an infection. [1] When people with weakened immune systems are exposed to organisms, it could lead to infection and serious complications.
A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC or PICC line), also called a percutaneous indwelling central catheter or longline, [1] is a form of intravenous access that can be used for a prolonged period of time (e.g., for long chemotherapy regimens, extended antibiotic therapy, or total parenteral nutrition) or for administration of substances that should not be done peripherally (e.g ...
A chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations. In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy. The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via ...
Chemotherapy is curative for some cancers, such as some leukemias, [182] [183] ineffective in some brain tumors, [184] and needless in others, such as most non-melanoma skin cancers. [185] The effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by its toxicity to other tissues in the body.