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The calorie is defined as the amount of thermal energy necessary to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 1 Celsius degree, from a temperature of 14.5 °C, at a pressure of 1 atm. For thermochemistry a calorie of 4.184 J is used, but other calories have also been defined, such as the International Steam Table calorie of 4.1868 J.
[1] [3] The small calorie or gram calorie is defined as the amount of heat needed to cause the same increase in one milliliter of water. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 1 ] Thus, 1 large calorie is equal to 1,000 small calories.
The thermochemical calorie is exactly 4.184 J by definition of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). [4] The thermochemical Btu is calculated by converting from grams to pounds and from Celsius to Fahrenheit. [5] 59 °F (15.0 °C) ≈1,054.80 [6] Used for American natural gas pricing. [3] 60 °F (15.6 °C) ≈1,054.68 [7]
Watt-hours [Wh] 1 × 10 −12: 1.162 Wh ≈ 1 food calorie (large calorie, kcal), which is the approximate amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius at a pressure of one atmosphere. 1 × 10 −9: 1.162 kWh Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a ...
For an overall efficiency of 20%, one watt of mechanical power is equivalent to 18 kJ/h (4.3 kcal/h). For example, a manufacturer of rowing equipment shows calories released from "burning" food as four times the actual mechanical work, plus 1,300 kJ (300 kcal) per hour, [16] which amounts to about 20% efficiency at 250 watts of mechanical output.
A nutritional Calorie is equivalent to a thousand chemical or thermodynamic calories (abbreviated "cal" with a lower case "c") or one kilocalorie (kcal). Because food energy is commonly measured in Calories, the energy density of food is commonly called "caloric density". [ 7 ]
That's two breakfasts, two lunches, and two dinners for the 6-foot-5, 290-pound reigning Defensive Player of the Year.
Calorie is the basic unit of measurement. An organism in a laboratory experiment is an open thermodynamic system, exchanging energy with its surroundings in three ways - heat, work and the potential energy of biochemical compounds .